TEFL and TESOL are two of the most common English teaching credentials you can earn — but they're not the same thing. Here's what you need to know.
If you’re researching English teaching certifications, you’ve likely encountered two terms that seem almost interchangeable: TEFL and TESOL. While they share common ground, they differ in important ways — and understanding those differences can help you choose the right credential for your career goals.
The demand for qualified English teachers continues to grow worldwide. The global English Language Training market is projected to reach $115 billion by 2029, and an estimated 1.5 billion people are currently learning English across the globe. For educators considering this field, a clear understanding of TEFL and TESOL is an important first step.
What Is TEFL?
TEFL stands for Teaching English as a Foreign Language. It refers to teaching English to students in countries where English is not the primary language — think teaching English in places like South Korea, Colombia, or Morocco.
TEFL certification programs are widely available and vary in format, from short online courses to intensive in-person programs. However, most reputable TEFL certification programs require a minimum of 120 hours of coursework, and will cover topics like lesson planning, classroom management, and language teaching methodology. Some also include a practicum component with supervised teaching hours. At least a bachelor’s degree is typically expected by employers, though certification requirements can vary by country and institution.
What Is TESOL?
TESOL stands for Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages. It’s a broader term that encompasses teaching English both abroad and in countries where English is a primary language — such as teaching English language learners in U.S. schools or adult education programs.
Because of this wider scope, TESOL certification and degree programs often cover a more comprehensive range of topics, including second language acquisition theory, linguistics, curriculum design, and assessment. TESOL credentials range from short certificate programs to graduate-level degrees, and they can prepare educators for roles in K–12 schools, universities, community programs, and international settings alike.
How TEFL and TESOL Compare
Both TEFL and TESOL prepare educators to teach English to non-native speakers, but the distinctions between them matter when planning your career path.
| TEFL | TESOL | |
| Focus | Teaching English in non-English-speaking countries | Teaching English to non-native speakers in any setting |
| Geographic Scope | Primarily international | Domestic (U.S.) and international |
| Common Program Formats | Certificate programs (120+ hours) | Certificates, diplomas, and graduate degrees |
| Typical Requirements for Certification | 120+ hours of coursework; at least a bachelor’s degree often preferred | Varies widely; graduate programs may require a bachelor’s degree and teaching experience |
| Career Flexibility | Strong for international teaching roles | Broader range of career settings |
| Where You Might Work | International schools, language academies, private tutoring | U.S. K-12 schools, universities, curriculum development, program administration, international roles |
| Graduate-Level Options | Master’s programs with a TEFL focus, such as international education or global leadership degrees | Master’s or doctoral programs in TESOL, applied linguistics, or education |
In practice, many employers — especially those abroad — use these terms interchangeably. However, if you’re considering long-term career growth or roles within domestic education systems, a TESOL credential may offer more flexibility. For those focused specifically on teaching abroad (as in outside of the United States), a TEFL certification is often the most direct pathway.
How a Master’s Degree Can Advance Your TEFL or TESOL Career
For educators looking to move beyond entry-level teaching and into leadership, curriculum design, or program administration, a master’s degree can be a valuable next step.
The Johns Hopkins School of Education’s Master of Science in Education — International Teaching and Global Leadership (ITGL) Cohort program is designed specifically for international educators looking to advance their careers. The program offers a dedicated TEFL focus area that emphasizes research-based instructional practices designed to foster inclusive, learner-centered environments. Students in the ITGL program can also earn their TEFL certification by completing just two additional credits.
These focus areas are special, and they reflect areas that are increasingly in demand in the global marketplace.
Additionally, the program’s cohort-based model, applied learning experiences, and emphasis on global leadership prepare graduates to apply their expertise immediately and effectively in educational settings around the world.
ITGL is more than a master’s degree program for me. It is a place for us to connect, challenge, discover, improve, and enjoy. The whole cohort is like a big family with supportive teachers and classmates.
Taking Your Next Step
Whether you’re drawn to TEFL, TESOL, or both, the right credential depends on your career goals, where you want to teach, and how far you want to go in the field. For those considering a graduate-level path into international English teaching, we invite you to explore the ITGL program, browse career paths in education, and register for an upcoming information session to learn more.
